Análisis de accesibilidad de redes sociales

Las plataformas de Redes Sociales, basadas esencialmente en tecnologías Web 2.0, han abierto un mundo de posibilidades para el estudio, el trabajo y el ocio. Permiten a los usuarios crear y publicar sus propios contenidos, compartirlos e interactuar con otros usuarios en todo el mundo, en tiempo real o prácticamente en tiempo real. Han dado pie a todo un nuevo fenómeno social y se han convertido en una parte importante de las interacciones sociales, tales como establecer nuevas amistades, apoyar causas sociales y políticas, y publicar puestos de trabajo o publicitar servicios. A estas alturas, queda absolutamente claro que no tener acceso igualitario a las redes sociales conduce a la exclusión social y crea barreras significativas. En vez de convertirse en el medio de igualdad e inclusión social que estas plataformas de servicios sociales deberían ser para la gente con discapacidad, su creciente popularidad acompañada de su falta de accesibilidad origina en estos momentos una creciente brecha digital entre aquellos que gozan de un acceso completo y aquellos que no. Carecer de acceso a las plataformas sociales puede conducir al aislamiento social así como a la pérdida de oportunidades profesionales y educativas para las personas con discapacidad, especialmente para aquellos que padecen trastornos visuales. Desgraciadamente, las Redes Sociales y aplicaciones contienen numerosas barreras para personas con discapacidad que quieren usarlas, pues no están desarrolladas sobre los principios de accesibilidad, usabilidad y diseño para todos. El presente proyecto realiza un análisis de accesibilidad de las redes sociales más populares en España orientado, principalmente, a personas con ceguera o de visión reducida y basado en el cumplimiento de los criterios establecidos por las W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG). El objetivo es comprobar si estas redes sociales favorecen el derecho al acceso igualitario a la información, la comunicación y a la sociedad fundamentada en el conocimiento.Social networking platforms, largely based on Web 2.0 technologies, have opened up a world of possibilities for study, work and play. They enable users to create and publish their own content, share it, and interact with other users from all over the world, in real time or near real time. They have given rise to whole new social phenomena and have become an important part of social interactions, such as forming friendships, supporting social and political causes, and publishing one work or advertising one service. By now it is absolutely clear that not having equal access to social networking leads to social exclusion and creates significant barriers. Instead of becoming the medium of equality and social inclusion that social services platforms could be for people with disabilities, their increased popularity coupled with their lack of accessibility now creates a widening digital divide between those with full access and those without. Not having access to social platforms can lead to social isolation as well as lost opportunities for professional and educational careers for people with disabilities, specifically visual impairments. Unfortunately social networking sites and applications come with numerous barriers for people with disabilities who want to use them, as they were not developed on the basis of accessibility, usability and design for all. The present project performs an accesibility analysis of the most popular social networks in Spain focused, in particular, on people who are blind or partially sighted and based on the compliance levels categorized by the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG). The goal is to test if these social networks assist the right to equal access to the information, communication, and knowledge-based society.Ingeniería Técnica en Informática de Gestió

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

CIBERER : Spanish national network for research on rare diseases: A highly productive collaborative initiative

Altres ajuts: Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación.CIBER (Center for Biomedical Network Research; Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red) is a public national consortium created in 2006 under the umbrella of the Spanish National Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII). This innovative research structure comprises 11 different specific areas dedicated to the main public health priorities in the National Health System. CIBERER, the thematic area of CIBER focused on rare diseases (RDs) currently consists of 75 research groups belonging to universities, research centers, and hospitals of the entire country. CIBERER's mission is to be a center prioritizing and favoring collaboration and cooperation between biomedical and clinical research groups, with special emphasis on the aspects of genetic, molecular, biochemical, and cellular research of RDs. This research is the basis for providing new tools for the diagnosis and therapy of low-prevalence diseases, in line with the International Rare Diseases Research Consortium (IRDiRC) objectives, thus favoring translational research between the scientific environment of the laboratory and the clinical setting of health centers. In this article, we intend to review CIBERER's 15-year journey and summarize the main results obtained in terms of internationalization, scientific production, contributions toward the discovery of new therapies and novel genes associated to diseases, cooperation with patients' associations and many other topics related to RD research

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)

In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. For example, a key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process versus those that measure fl ux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process including the amount and rate of cargo sequestered and degraded). In particular, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation must be differentiated from stimuli that increase autophagic activity, defi ned as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (inmost higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium ) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the fi eld understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. It is worth emphasizing here that lysosomal digestion is a stage of autophagy and evaluating its competence is a crucial part of the evaluation of autophagic flux, or complete autophagy. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. Along these lines, because of the potential for pleiotropic effects due to blocking autophagy through genetic manipulation it is imperative to delete or knock down more than one autophagy-related gene. In addition, some individual Atg proteins, or groups of proteins, are involved in other cellular pathways so not all Atg proteins can be used as a specific marker for an autophagic process. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field

Soy Niña

Este libro pretende contribuir al reencuentro de la educación con esas finalidades que verdaderamente importan a una niña o un niño: ser feliz, jugar, vivir juntos y (no) aprender. Para ello hemos puesto el arte, nuestras experiencias y el saber acumulado al servicio del disfrute, el cuestionamiento, el análisis crítico y la construcción común de un presente deseable. Un texto colaborativo coordinado por Ignacio Calderón Almendros y realizado por alumnado de Educación y Cambio Social en el Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Málaga

Examining the immune signatures of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and the impact on neurodevelopment: Protocol of the SIGNATURE longitudinal study

The COVID-19 pandemic represents a valuable opportunity to carry out cohort studies that allow us to advance our knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric diseases. One of these opportunities is the study of the relationships between inflammation, brain development and an increased risk of suffering neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on the hypothesis that neuroinflammation during early stages of life is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and confers a greater risk of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, we propose a cohort study of SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women and their newborns. The main objective of SIGNATURE project is to explore how the presence of prenatal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other non-infectious stressors generates an abnormal inflammatory activity in the newborn. The cohort of women during the COVID-19 pandemic will be psychological and biological monitored during their pregnancy, delivery, childbirth and postpartum. The biological information of the umbilical cord (foetus blood) and peripheral blood from the mother will be obtained after childbirth. These samples and the clinical characterisation of the cohort of mothers and newborns, are tremendously valuable at this time. This is a protocol report and no analyses have been conducted yet, being currently at, our study is in the recruitment process step. At the time of this publication, we have identified 1,060 SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers and all have already given birth. From the total of identified mothers, we have recruited 537 SARS-COV-2 infected women and all of them have completed the mental health assessment during pregnancy. We have collected biological samples from 119 mothers and babies. Additionally, we have recruited 390 non-infected pregnant women.This work has received support from the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz to realize the epigenetic wide association study and to the clinical assessment to the children. This work has also received public support from the Consejería de Salud y Familias para la financiación de la investigación, desarrollo e innovación (i + d + i) biomédica y en ciencias de la salud en Andalucía (CSyF 2021 - FEDER). Grant Grant number PECOVID- 0195-2020. Convocatoria financiada con Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) al 80% dentro del Programa Operativo de Andalucía FEDER 2014-2020. Andalucía se mueve con Europa. NG-T received payment under Rio Hortega contract CM20-00015 with the Carlos III Health Institute.Peer reviewe

Phase IV noninferiority controlled randomized trial to evaluate the impact on diagnostic thinking and patient management and the test-retest reproducibility of the Gaxilose test for hypolactasia diagnosis.

The diagnostic accuracy of the Gaxilose test (GT) for hypolactasia diagnosis has already been proved. The objectives of this clinical trial were to demonstrate the noninferiority of the GT compared to the hydrogen breath test (HBT) on the impact on diagnostic thinking and patient management, to evaluate the GT reproducibility with urine accumulated from 0 to 4 hours and from 0 to 5 hours and to assess test safety. We conducted a randomized, parallel, noninferiority clinical trial. Patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of lactose intolerance were screened for inclusion and randomly assigned to the GT arm or the HBT arm of the study. The impact on diagnostic thinking and patient management was analyzed with pretest and posttest questionnaires in which the investigators indicated their estimated probability of hypolactasia diagnosis and the intended management before and after the GT or the HBT (noninferiority margin: -10%). The primary outcome of the study was the impact on diagnostic thinking, expressed as the mean of the absolute values of the differences between the pretest and posttest probabilities of hypolactasia diagnosis. Patients randomized to the GT arm performed also the retest to evaluate the reproducibility of the GT. A total of 147 patients were included in the intend-to-treat (ITT) population. Among them, 74 performed the HBT and 73 performed the GT. The results proved the noninferiority of the GT compared to the HBT on the impact on diagnostic thinking (ImpactGT = 31.74 ± 23.30%; ImpactHBT = 24.28 ± 19.87%; ΔGT-HBT = 7.46%; 95% confidence interval of ΔGT-HBT: 1.55%, infinite) and on patient management. The test-retest reproducibility was better for the GT with urine accumulated from 0 to 5 h: the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.5761, and the Kappa coefficient was 0.7548, indicative of substantial agreement between both tests. No serious adverse events were reported during the study. The GT has an impact on diagnostic thinking and patient management noninferior to that of the HBT, is reproducible and well tolerated. These results prove the clinical benefit of its use in the clinical practice (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02636413)

XXXV Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Española de Ingeniería Biomédica (CASEIB 2017)

Producción CientíficaEn este estudio se pretende simplificar el diagnóstico del Síndrome de la Apnea-Hipopnea del Sueño (SAHS) infantil. Para ello, se ha desarrollado una metodología basada en el análisis automático de la señal de saturación de oxígeno en sangre (SpO2) procedente de la oximetría nocturna. Se ha utilizado una base de datos compuesta por registros de SpO2 de 298 niños. En primer lugar, se ha aplicado el análisis de fluctuaciones sin tendencias (DFA) para extraer características que permitan caracterizar relaciones de escala y fluctuaciones producidas en la señal de SpO2. A continuación, se ha entrenado un clasificador binario basado en análisis discriminante lineal (LDA) a partir de las características extraídas para determinar la presencia de SAHS. Esta metodología se ha evaluado utilizando tres puntos de corte del índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH) empleados para determinar la severidad del SAHS en niños: 1, 5 y 10 eventos por hora de sueño (e/h). Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias en las fluctuaciones y las relaciones de escala de la señal de SpO2 asociadas a la severidad del SAHS. En términos de precisión, el modelo LDA alcanzó un elevado rendimiento diagnóstico a la hora de determinar la presencia de SAHS moderado (IAH≥5 e/h, 81.2%) y SAHS severo (IAH≥10 e/h, 84.6%). Estos resultados sugieren que el análisis de la señal de SpO2 mediante DFA es útil para determinar la presencia de SAHS infantil moderado-asevero.Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León y FEDER (VA037U16), el Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) y FEDER (TEC2014-53196-R y RTC-2015- 3446-1), la ‘European Commission’ y FEDER (POCTEP 0378_AD_EEGWA_2_P), y la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR 153/2015). F. Vaquerizo Villar es beneficiario de una Ayuda para contratos predoctorales para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU) del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. V. Barroso García es beneficiaria de una ayuda concedida por la Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León y el Fondo Social Europeo. D. Álvarez es beneficiario de un contrato Juan de la Cierva financiado por el MINECO (IJCI-2014-22664)